The drug is derived from the actinomycete
A completely unknown until now, unusual and promising antibiotic, derived from a marine organism (actinomycetes),which American scientists discovered in the bottom of the Pacific Ocean, off the coast of California.
The discovery of new antibiotics in nature is very rare, but it is welcomed as doctors warn that microbes, especially in hospitals, become increasingly resistant to existing antibiotics.
It is hopeful that the new antibiotic, called anthrakomykini, as illustrated by the first test, appears to be effective against strong bacteria such as carbon and the highly durable and dangerous bacterium Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Researchers at the Institute of Oceanography Scripps, led by Professor William Fenikal, published in the German chemistry journal «Angewandte Chemie», according to the BBC,that the chemical structure of the new substance (different from any other known natural antibiotic) is such that it can lead to the creation of a completely new class of powerful antibiotics.
As stated by Th. Fenikal, "the discovery confirms many previous findings that marine bacteria are unique from genetic and chemical point of view." This, he added, shows the importance of the sea as a potential source of new drugs in the future.
Recent technological developments in genomics have revealed a large number of genetic influences on common complex diseases, such as diabetes, asthma, cancer or schizophrenia. However, discovering a genetic variant predisposing to a disease is only a first step. To apply this knowledge towards prevention or cure, including tailoring treatment to the patient's genetic profile –also known as personalized medicine – we need to know how this genetic variant affects health.
In a study published in Nature Communications, Dr. Constantin Polychronakos from the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center(RI-MUHC), and collaborators from McGill University and The University of Texas, propose a novel approach for scanning the entire genome that will help us understand the effect of genes on human traits.
"This completely new methodology really opens up different ways of understanding how the genome affects the biology of the human body", says Dr. Polychronakos, corresponding author of the study and Director of the Endocrine Genetics Laboratory at the Montreal Children's Hospital and Professor in the Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics at McGill University.
DNA is the blueprint according to which our body is constructed and functions. Cells "read" this blueprint by transcribing the information into RNA, which is then used as a template to construct proteins – the body's building blocks. Genes are scanned based on the association of their RNA with ribosomes – particles in which protein synthesis takes place.
"Until now, researchers have been focusing on the effects of disease-associated genomic variants on DNA-to-RNA transcription, instead of the challenging question of effects on RNA-to-protein translation," says Dr. Polychronakos. "Thanks to this methodology, we can now better understand the effect of genetic variants on translation of RNA to protein – a powerful way of developing biomarkers for personalized medicine and new therapies."
